日志
我的Windows下的Linux工具集（2）——wget/elinks
热度 8 |
前文介绍了dig和whois，通过它们我们可以查找一个域名以及跟踪域名解析问题；接下来我们介绍一下如何使用命令行的工具通过HTTP/FTP方式来访问这些域名的资源。
3、wget
wget是一个非常流行的Linux上的单进程的支持断点续传的一个HTTP/FTP下载客户端。它的windows版本可以从这里找到：
本文发表时的最新版本是1.11.4：
http://users.ugent.be/~bpuype/cgi-bin/fetch.pl?dl=wget/wget.exe
使用wget可以镜像一个WEB网站（自动分析其中的URL并下载）。也支持通过通配符来批量下载FTP文件。
通过wget来下载最新的版本：
d:\>wget http://users.ugent.be/~bpuype/wget/wget.exe --2009-10-29 11:04:40-- http://users.ugent.be/~bpuype/wget/wget.exe Resolving users.ugent.be... 157.193.40.15 Connecting to users.ugent.be|157.193.40.15|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 401408 (392K) [application/x-msdos-program] Saving to: `wget.exe' 100%[================================================>] 401,408 71.7K/s in 6.5s 2009-10-29 11:04:48 (60.7 KB/s) - `wget.exe' saved [401408/401408]
wget有很多选项：
d:\>wget --help
GNU Wget 1.11.4, a non-interactive network retriever.
Usage: wget [OPTION]... [URL]...
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
Startup:
-V, --version display the version of Wget and exit.
-h, --help print this help.
-b, --background go to background after startup.
-e, --execute=COMMAND execute a `.wgetrc'-style command.
Logging and input file:
-o, --output-file=FILE log messages to FILE.
-a, --append-output=FILE append messages to FILE.
-d, --debug print lots of debugging information.
-q, --quiet quiet (no output).
-v, --verbose be verbose (this is the default).
-nv, --no-verbose turn off verboseness, without being quiet.
-i, --input-file=FILE download URLs found in FILE.
-F, --force-html treat input file as HTML.
-B, --base=URL prepends URL to relative links in -F -i file.
Download:
-t, --tries=NUMBER set number of retries to NUMBER (0 unlimits).
--retry-connrefused retry even if connection is refused.
-O, --output-document=FILE write documents to FILE.
-nc, --no-clobber skip downloads that would download to
existing files.
-c, --continue resume getting a partially-downloaded file.
--progress=TYPE select progress gauge type.
-N, --timestamping don't re-retrieve files unless newer than
local.
-S, --server-response print server response.
--spider don't download anything.
-T, --timeout=SECONDS set all timeout values to SECONDS.
--dns-timeout=SECS set the DNS lookup timeout to SECS.
--connect-timeout=SECS set the connect timeout to SECS.
--read-timeout=SECS set the read timeout to SECS.
-w, --wait=SECONDS wait SECONDS between retrievals.
--waitretry=SECONDS wait 1..SECONDS between retries of a retrieval.
--random-wait wait from 0...2*WAIT secs between retrievals.
--no-proxy explicitly turn off proxy.
-Q, --quota=NUMBER set retrieval quota to NUMBER.
--bind-address=ADDRESS bind to ADDRESS (hostname or IP) on local host.
--limit-rate=RATE limit download rate to RATE.
--no-dns-cache disable caching DNS lookups.
--restrict-file-names=OS restrict chars in file names to ones OS allows.
--ignore-case ignore case when matching files/directories.
--user=USER set both ftp and http user to USER.
--password=PASS set both ftp and http password to PASS.
Directories:
-nd, --no-directories don't create directories.
-x, --force-directories force creation of directories.
-nH, --no-host-directories don't create host directories.
--protocol-directories use protocol name in directories.
-P, --directory-prefix=PREFIX save files to PREFIX/...
--cut-dirs=NUMBER ignore NUMBER remote directory components.
HTTP options:
--http-user=USER set http user to USER.
--http-password=PASS set http password to PASS.
--no-cache disallow server-cached data.
-E, --html-extension save HTML documents with `.html' extension.
--ignore-length ignore `Content-Length' header field.
--header=STRING insert STRING among the headers.
--max-redirect maximum redirections allowed per page.
--proxy-user=USER set USER as proxy username.
--proxy-password=PASS set PASS as proxy password.
--referer=URL include `Referer: URL' header in HTTP request.
--save-headers save the HTTP headers to file.
-U, --user-agent=AGENT identify as AGENT instead of Wget/VERSION.
--no-http-keep-alive disable HTTP keep-alive (persistent connections).
--no-cookies don't use cookies.
--load-cookies=FILE load cookies from FILE before session.
--save-cookies=FILE save cookies to FILE after session.
--keep-session-cookies load and save session (non-permanent) cookies.
--post-data=STRING use the POST method; send STRING as the data.
--post-file=FILE use the POST method; send contents of FILE.
--content-disposition honor the Content-Disposition header when
choosing local file names (EXPERIMENTAL).
--auth-no-challenge Send Basic HTTP authentication information
without first waiting for the server's
challenge.
HTTPS (SSL/TLS) options:
--secure-protocol=PR choose secure protocol, one of auto, SSLv2,
SSLv3, and TLSv1.
--no-check-certificate don't validate the server's certificate.
--certificate=FILE client certificate file.
--certificate-type=TYPE client certificate type, PEM or DER.
--private-key=FILE private key file.
--private-key-type=TYPE private key type, PEM or DER.
--ca-certificate=FILE file with the bundle of CA's.
--ca-directory=DIR directory where hash list of CA's is stored.
--random-file=FILE file with random data for seeding the SSL PRNG.
--egd-file=FILE file naming the EGD socket with random data.
FTP options:
--ftp-user=USER set ftp user to USER.
--ftp-password=PASS set ftp password to PASS.
--no-remove-listing don't remove `.listing' files.
--no-glob turn off FTP file name globbing.
--no-passive-ftp disable the "passive" transfer mode.
--retr-symlinks when recursing, get linked-to files (not dir).
--preserve-permissions preserve remote file permissions.
Recursive download:
-r, --recursive specify recursive download.
-l, --level=NUMBER maximum recursion depth (inf or 0 for infinite).
--delete-after delete files locally after downloading them.
-k, --convert-links make links in downloaded HTML point to local files.
-K, --backup-converted before converting file X, back up as X.orig.
-m, --mirror shortcut for -N -r -l inf --no-remove-listing.
-p, --page-requisites get all images, etc. needed to display HTML page.
--strict-comments turn on strict (SGML) handling of HTML comments.
Recursive accept/reject:
-A, --accept=LIST comma-separated list of accepted extensions.
-R, --reject=LIST comma-separated list of rejected extensions.
-D, --domains=LIST comma-separated list of accepted domains.
--exclude-domains=LIST comma-separated list of rejected domains.
--follow-ftp follow FTP links from HTML documents.
--follow-tags=LIST comma-separated list of followed HTML tags.
--ignore-tags=LIST comma-separated list of ignored HTML tags.
-H, --span-hosts go to foreign hosts when recursive.
-L, --relative follow relative links only.
-I, --include-directories=LIST list of allowed directories.
-X, --exclude-directories=LIST list of excluded directories.
-np, --no-parent don't ascend to the parent directory.
Mail bug reports and suggestions to .
4、elinks
elinks是links（一个文本浏览器）的变种，对links做了增强。应该是目前最好的文本浏览器了。elinks的开发是目前几个文本浏览器中最活跃的，不断有新的版本出现。它的网站是：
本文发表时，其稳定版的版本是0.11.7。可以从此下载到0.11.6版本：
解开压缩包后，可以将其中的elinks.exe及其它的dll解压即可。不过我目前还没找到支持中文的方法。
以下是它的选项：
d:\>elinks --help ELinks 0.11.6 (built on Apr 5 2009 12:34:38) Usage: elinks [OPTION]... [URL]... Options: -anonymous [0|1] Restrict to anonymous mode -auto-submit [0|1] Autosubmit first form -base-session Clone internal session with given ID -config-dir Name of directory with configuration file -config-dump Print default configuration file to stdout -config-file Name of configuration file -config-help Print help for configuration options -default-mime-type MIME type assumed for unknown document types -default-keys [0|1] Ignore user-defined keybindings -dump [0|1] Print formatted versions of given URLs to stdout -dump-charset Codepage to use with -dump -dump-width Width of document formatted with -dump -eval Evaluate configuration file directive -force-html Interpret documents of unknown types as HTML -?, -h, -help Print usage help and exit -localhost [0|1] Only permit local connections -long-help Print detailed usage help and exit -lookup Look up specified host -no-connect [0|1] Run as separate instance -no-home [0|1] Disable use of files in ~/.elinks -no-numbering Disable link numbering in dump output -no-references Disable printing of link references in dump output -remote Control an already running ELinks -session-ring Connect to session ring with given ID -source [0|1] Print the source of given URLs to stdout -touch-files [0|1] Touch files in ~/.elinks when running with -no-connect/-session-ring -verbose Verbose level -version Print version information and exit
直接在命令行输入：
elinks 网址
即可用文本来浏览网站了。
